Jean Piaget, who
died in 1980 at the age of 84 was an eminent developmental psychologist and was
noted, among other achievements, for developing a theory of cognitive
development that offers rather profound insight into the progression of the
human mind from infancy into adulthood. His far-reaching epiphany was that at
different ages, the mind of a developing person is driven by different
requirements and consequently the cognitive process actually changes over time.
This observation might well suggest that the needs hierarchy that Maslow
suggested for adult humans might have a different structure and perhaps even
different elements if viewed in some age related manner. That goes well beyond
our current considerations. Rather, we want to examine the developmental
processes observed by Piaget in terms of the human mind being prepared for its
fully capable functionality that we associate with the adult person. Our
observation is that this set of processes is akin to the activity of
provisioning a computer system such that it is fully capable of engaging in one
or more application-level processes. What Piaget discovered, and what offers an
interesting parallel to preparation of software systems for computer platforms,
is that there is a well-defined process engaged in the preparation of the fully
functional mind.
In conducting
psychological interviews with children, Piaget noted that their responses
tended to differ from those of adults, but they differed in consistent ways.
Thus, children at equivalent development levels tended to think alike, albeit
differently from the way that adults think. It was not that children had a different,
more limited set of knowledge at their disposal compared to adults; that would
be expected. It was that children appeared to reason about the questions that
they were asked in a manner consistently different from the way adults reasoned
about those same questions. He ultimately identified four distinct stages of
human cognitive development: (a) sensori-motor, (b) symbolic, (c) concrete and
(d) formal.
Our discussion
in this and the following sections relates to The Psychology of the Child by Jean Piaget and Bärbel Inhelder. While we will stay quite
close to this work as we pursue our subject, we are aware that our description
should be updated and nuanced with reference to subsequent studies. However,
while this would provide a more modern version of the subject, it would not
alter the fundamental premise that provisioning of the human mind occurs, and
the subsequent observation that similar operations are found in computer
networks. Therefore, we will be content with this simplified version of the science
in the domain.
It is
particularly pertinent for us to recognize the two mechanisms that Piaget
identifies in describing actual learning during the development stages:
assimilation and accommodation. We will consider the telltale phrase “... the
equilibrium between assimilation of things to the subject’s action and
accommodation of subjective schemes to modifications of things” (our
translation) on page 152 of Piaget’s La
psychologie de l’intelligence. Assimilation is the immediate process of
using the environment in a manner that allows it to be incorporated into
existing cognitive constructs within the mind. This process seems akin to the
mimetic learning discussed by Donald. Accommodation is the contrasting approach
of modifying existing cognitive constructs to fit with the observed
environment. This seems akin to Donald’s mythic process. The point to these
observations is simply that there appears to be corollary activities between
the physiological processes supported by the brain and the resulting social
activities undertaken by the individual person in bringing the resulting mind
up to an operational timber. In this, the cognitive development process appears
a close parallel to the provisioning activities of computer software, where the
subsequent layers of software correspond to different network protocol levels
of interaction.
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